Analysis of the causes of damage to printed circuit boards

With the extension of usage time, printed circuit boards may encounter various problems. There are many controversies on the circuit board, ranging from wiring damage that affects the conductivity of the circuit board to component failures where capacitors or diodes are about to disappear. It helps us identify and understand some of the most common faults, so that we can handle problems in a relevant way. The main points are as follows:

1. Physical damage

In fact, the most common cause of PCB damage comes from physical damage to the device or its interior. This may be related to physical pressure or vibration. It may have been hit or forcibly impacted by another object; It is also possible to disassemble the device for any reason and directly cause damage to the circuit board.

How to diagnose and repair

As long as it is not a complete failure (the board falls to the ground and completely breaks or ruptures), physical damage can be compensated for through the remanufacturing process. Usually, this involves melting damaged parts of the plate or repairing them through disassembly and reassembly. Due to the nature of most physical damage, personnel without experience in repairing printed circuit boards are highly unlikely to complete them as DIY projects. Only trained and experienced professionals can repair personal injuries. In most cases, it requires modifications to the circuit board, re soldering of components, and re aggregation of conductive traces.

2. Component failure

In addition to damaged printed materials, faulty components are also the most common cause of printed circuit board failures. In fact, if there is no physical damage, but the device cannot run or power on, it is almost guaranteed to be related to one of the components connected to the motherboard.

The component itself can be anything from a capacitor to a diode or microprocessor. If the component is a problem and has died or is unable to function, it may need to be completely replaced. However, problems are not always actual components. Sometimes, due to aging, overheating, and voltage drops, the tracking circuit may deteriorate to the point where it no longer conducts electricity. One or more components in the component may have been completely removed from the board and need to be repositioned.

How to diagnose and repair

You may ask, how to fix the printed circuit board when a component malfunctions? Similarly, it is best to leave the repair and remanufacturing process of faulty components to professional personnel. There are voltage tools and various devices available for testing the conductivity of circuit boards. They can also be used to identify whether there is current flowing to a component, or whether a component on a circuit board has completely failed. Many times, as long as you turn on the device, you can see the faulty component. Their shells may appear burnt, cracked or cracked, or the components may have been completely removed from the board and loosened.

To repair faulty components, you may need to heat (usually using a hot air gun) for welding and undergo rigorous testing.

3. Damaged wiring

The wiring on the circuit board is a conductive path composed of silver or copper. Usually, you can see traces with the naked eye, but this is not always the case. If the wiring is damaged, whether through routine use or physical damage, it can have a significant impact on the conductivity of printed circuit boards, components, and related equipment.

Some more common causes of trace damage